README file

Data Set Title: “OLEUM Project. Olive oil fraud and possible countermeasures. Emerging trends”.

Data Set Authors: Enrico Casadei (University of Bologna); Enrico Valli (University of Bologna); Filippo Panni (University of Bologna); James Donarski (Fera Science Limited); Jordina Farrús Gubern (Fera Science Limited); Paolo Lucci (University of Udine); Lanfranco Conte (University of Udine); Florence Lacoste (ITERG); Alain Maquet (European Commission, Joint Research Centre); Paul Brereton (Queen’s University Belfast); Alessandra Bendini (University of Bologna); Tullia Gallina Toschi (University of Bologna).

Data Set Contact Person: Alessandra Bendini, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-5519, alessandra.bendini@unibo.it.

Data Set License: this data set is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Publication Year: 2021

Project Info: OLEUM (Advanced solutions for assuring the overall authenticity and quality of olive oil), funded by European Union, Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement num. 635690; http://www.oleumproject.eu/.  

Data set contents

The data set consists of:
•	a numerical quantitative file saved both in .xlsx and .ods formats 
“OLEUM_EmergingTrendsOOFraudandContermeasures.xlsx”
“OLEUM_EmergingTrendsOOFraudandContermeasures.ods”
•	a README file saved in .rtf format 
“OLEUM_EmergingTrendsOOFraudandContermeasures_README.rtf”

Data set Documentation

Abstract
This data set contains the underlying data of the scientific publication:
Casadei E. et al., 2021. Emerging trends in olive oil fraud and possible countermeasures. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107902 
This publication is currently “in press” in the scientific journal “Food Control”.
A review of most common types of fraud in the olive oil (OO) sector highlights that most common infringements are the marketing of virgin olive oil (VOO) as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and blends of other vegetable oils with OO being marketing as OO. This dataset contains the aggregated results of an international on-line survey of EU and non-EU stakeholders in the olive oil sector. The aim of the on-line survey was to highlight he priorities in addressing efforts to fight OOs fraudulent cases.

Content of the file OLEUM_ EmergingTrendsOOFraudandContermeasures.xlsx/.ods: 
•	sheet JRC monthly summary_fraud contains reports in press and media articles of fraud as food product categories registered from September 2016 to December 2019 in “JRC Monthly Summary of Articles on Food Fraud and Adulteration”.
•	sheet OOs fraudulent_illicit mixing contains frequencies related to the priorities in addressing efforts to fight OOs fraudulent cases related to illicit mixing of OOs, according to the respondents to the on-line survey.
•	sheet OOs fraudulent_extract techn. contains frequencies related to the priorities in addressing efforts to fight OOs fraudulent cases related to mixing with oils extracted from olive fruits by different technologies, according to the respondents to the on-line survey.
•	sheet Faked declaration origin presents frequencies related to the priorities given about addressing efforts to fight OOs fraudulent cases related to faked declaration of origin, according to the professional areas of the respondents to the on-line survey.
•	sheet Faked declaration monovarietal contains frequencies related to the priorities given about addressing efforts to fight faked declaration of monovarietal OOs, according to the professional areas of the respondents to the on-line survey.

Notes 
The on-line survey asked to indicate a priority. The level of priority ranges from “A” (highest priority level) to “C” (lowest priority level).

List of variables 
Acronyms:
•	Administrative Assistance and Cooperation System (AAC);
•	District Anti-Mafia Directorate (DDA);
•	Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO);
•	Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs);
•	Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA);
•	Food Authenticity Research Network Hub (FARNHub);
•	Food Fraud Network (FFN);
•	Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC);
•	Norwegian Food Research Institute (NOFIMA);
•	Olive Oil (OO);
•	Protected Designation of Origin (PDO);
•	Protected Geographical Indication (PGI);
•	Virgin Olive Oil (VOO).