Author: Irene Frascari
Last saved by: AlmaDL
Company: Università di Bologna

README file
Data Set Title: Sedimentary Facies Analysis and Segmentation
Data Set Authors: Andrea Di Martino (Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna), 0000-0002-9860-4253; Alessandro Amorosi (Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna), 0000-0002-2263-4691.
Data Set Contact Person: Andrea Di Martino (Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna), 0000-0002-9860-4253, andrea.dimartino4@unibo.it 
Data Set License: this data set is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 
Publication Year: 2023
Project Info: 	The Po-Adriatic Source-to-Sink system (PASS): from modern sedimentary processes to millennial-scale stratigraphic architecture, funded by Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale - ANNO 2017 (PRIN 2017). Grant Agreement num. 2017ASZAKJ; 
Data set Contents
The data set consists of the following:
•	1 compressed folder named Training_subset.zip containing two folders: “Annotations” and “Images”. Each folder contains 63 digital images in .png format
Sx_1.png (with x=1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31)
Sy_2.png (with y=1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 31)
Sz_3.png (with z=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 18, 19, 26, 30)
S*_4.png (with *=1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 30)
S#_5.png (with #=1, 2, 3, 5, 11)
S§_6.png (with §=1, 11)
S11_7.png
•	1 compressed folder named Validation_subset.zip containing two folders: “Annotations” and “Images”. Each folder contains 9 digital images in .png format
Sx_1.png (with x=9, 14, 19, 20, 23)
Sy_2.png (with y=5, 12, 18)
S14_4.png
•	1 compressed folder named Test_subset.zip containing two folders: “Annotations” and “Images”. Each folder contains 10 digital images in .png format
Sx_1.png (with x=9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 29)
Sy_2.png (with y=4, 27, 30)
•	1 README file in .rtf format
Sedimentary_Facies_README.rtf
Data set Documentation
Abstract
The study of subsoil, by nature inaccessible to direct observation, relies on sediment cores analysis, representing a fundamental information source. Sedimentary facies, in particular, i.e. sediment bodies or packages of strata formed in specific depositional environments, is essential for a wide range of scientific applications such as climate change studies, engineering geology, land subsidence calculation, and reservoir characterization. High-resolution facies analysis requires specific skills and training that can be a limitation to a proper understanding of the subsoil. This dataset consists of a robust database of digital images of sedimentary cores acquired in the Po Plain and the Adriatic coastal plain of Marche, Abruzzo, and Apulia regions (Italy). This database has been used to perform semantic segmentation of sedimentary facies using conventional neural networks, identifying six target classes that reflect a wide spectrum of continental to shallow-marine depositional environments.

Content of the files
The dataset is divided into three parts: “Training_subset.zip”, “Validation_subset.zip” and “Test_subset.zip”. Each of these sections is then divided into “Images” and “Annotations”. 
The “Images” folder contains the high-resolution digital image of the sediment cores, while the “Annotations” contains the facies segmentation.
The three parts of the dataset are mutually exclusive. The files in the “Images” and “Annotations” folders have the same name to facilitate the connection between the core image and its facies segmentations.
The six target classes correspond to six Holocene sedimentary facies. The different colors used for the facies segmentation are 1) Well-drained floodplain (WDF) (yellow), 2) Poorly-drained floodplain (PDF) (light green), 3) Prodelta (P) (Purple), 4) Peat layer (PL) (Blue), 5) Fluvial sand (FS) (Orange), and 6) Swamp (Sw) (Dark green) deposits, with an additional background class (Black).