README file
Data Set Title: Dataset of the paper "Multiscale simulation of salt crystallization-induced damage in porous materials"
Data Set Author/s: 
Lo Presti, Nicolò		University of Bologna	0000-0002-3985-7939
D'Altri, Antonio Maria	University of Bologna	0000-0002-4932-4554
Patruno, Luca			University of Bologna	0000-0003-4973-207X
Castellazzi, Giovanni		University of Bologna	0000-0001-5870-5474
Derluyn, Hannelore		Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour	0000-0002-1574-1456
de Miranda, Stefano		University of Bologna	0000-0002-9624-651X

Data Set Contact Person/s: 
D'Altri, Antonio Maria	University of Bologna	am.daltri@unibo.it

Data Set License: this data set is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Publication Year: 2025
Project Info: HOLAHERIS (A holistic structural analysis method for cultural heritage structures conservation), funded by European Union, Horizon 2020 Programme. Grant Agreement no. 101029792; https://doi.org/10.3030/101029792; https://site.unibo.it/holaheris/en.
Data set Contents
The data set consists of a compressed folder, named HOLAHERIS_Porous-data.zip, containing:
•	2 .json files (Porous_FEM_data_PCost_SssVar and Porous_FEM_data_Pvar_SssCost) containing the dataset of FE analyses used to train the phenomenological model. The case “PCost_SssVar” indicates the dataset obtained with constant crystallization pressure and variable pore filling. The case “Pvar_SssCost” indicates the dataset obtained with monotonically increasing crystallization pressure and constant pore filling. The file Porous_FEM_data_plotting.m is a Matlab file which uses the .json files as input and plots the data. The data are presented in Figure 4 of the related paper (see “Notes” section). Crystallization pressure in MPa, macroscopic damage and pore filling are nondimensional quantities.
•	2 .csv files (Porous_Dstar_Pcost_SssVar and Porous_Dstar_Pvar_SssCost) contain the results of the calibration of the phenomenological model in terms of macroscopic damage D*. The case “PCost_SssVar” indicates the dataset obtained with constant crystallization pressure and variable pore filling. The case “Pvar_SssCost” indicates the dataset obtained with monotonically increasing crystallization pressure and constant pore filling. The file Porous_Dstar_plotting.m is a Matlab file which uses the “FEM_data” database (.json files) as input, performs the calibration of the phenomenological damage model, and plots the results superimposed to the “FEM_data”. The data are presented in Figure 6 of the related paper (see “Notes” section). Crystallization pressure in MPa, macroscopic damage and pore filling are nondimensional quantities.
•	1 .csv files (Porous_Drying) containing the upper and lower bounds of the envelope of experimental results, as well as numerical outcomes for Sealing A and B, represented in the graph on the left side of Figure 12 of the related paper (see “Notes” section). Crystallization pressure in MPa, time in h.
•	2 .csv files (Porous_defect_pressureHistory and Porous_defect_SssHistory) containing the time-history of crystallization pressure “pressureHistory” and pore filling “SssHistory” in a finite set of points belonging to the model Sealing B with defect represented in Figure 15 of the related paper (see “Notes” section). The file Porous_Phenom_Dstar_Map.m is a Matlab file that reads the time-histories specified in the two .csv files, calculates the macroscopic damage D* by means of the phenomenological model, utilizing the Matlab function phenomen.m, and finally plots the macroscopic damage contour plots. The data are presented in Figure 15 of the related paper (see “Notes” section). Crystallization pressure in MPa, macroscopic damage and pore filling are nondimensional quantities, time in h.
•	1 README file in .rtf format
HOLAHERIS_Porous_README.rtf
Data set Documentation
Abstract
This dataset, developed in the framework of the H2020 HOLAHERIS project, contains data related to a multiscale modelling strategy to simulate salt crystallization-induced damage in porous materials. The method uses (i) a state-of-the-art multiphase model for the transport/crystallization simulation. In addition, (ii) salt crystallization pressure exerted on pore walls is directly modelled on a nonlinear representative volume element (RVE) at the microscale of the porous medium. Finally, (iii) an original phenomenological damage model, trained on a dataset generated through micromechanics-based simulations on RVEs, is developed to guarantee efficiency to the proposed approach, whose effectiveness is shown via the comparison with an experimental campaign on salt-aged traditional Dutch tiles. The micromechanics-based simulation results on RVEs used to train the phenomenological model, as well as the phenomenological model, are collected herein to provide data for future comparisons.

File specifics
The .csv files were created with the following specifics:
-	Character set: “UTF-8”
-	Field delimiter: “,” (comma)

Notes 
The data, models and results are presented in the following publication:
Lo Presti, N., D’Altri, A. M., Patruno, L., Castellazzi, G., Derluyn, H., & de Miranda, S. (2025). Multiscale simulation of salt crystallization-induced damage in porous materials. Materials and Structures, 201. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-025-02709-7